环境会计的概念出自哪些文献

① 高分悬赏：找题目关于环境会计的论文的外文文献和翻译（）

环境会计产生的环境

回顾环境会计产生和发展二十多年的历史，可以看出环境会计是在自然环境遭受严重破坏、生态环境严重恶化、经济发展的物质基础受到威胁的背景下，人们在分析了传统会计理论和方法的局限性基础上提出的。

环境状况的恶化对经济活动主体提出新的要求。

人类在生产和生活过程中，不断从自然界取得资源，同时又将生产和生活中产生的废物排放到环境中去。随着经济的发展和人口的增长，人类要求从自然界取得的资源越来越多，同时排放到自然界中的废物也越来越多，超过了自然界的承受能力，导致生态破坏、环境污染等一系列环境问题。目前，世界各国都不同程度的存在着环境污染和生态破坏问题，各国的环境问题又共同造成了全球性的环境问题。

面对越来越严重的环境问题，各国提高了对环境问题的重视程度，在世界范围内寻求合作以解决治理环境的国际协调问题。1987年，联合国世界环境与发展委员会提出了可持续发展战略，作为指导各国环境与发展实践的共同战略。所谓可持续发展是指既满足当代人的需要，以不对后代人满足其需要的能力构成危害的发展模式，其实质在于限制、调整人类的各种活动特别是经济活动，在经济社会的发展过程中解决各种环境问题，使经济社会的发展建立在环境资源可以承受的基础上，并促使其充分、持久地发展，从而最大限度地满足当代人和后代人的需要。

我国20年来的改革开放促进了经济发展和国民经济高速增长，创造了巨大的物质财富，人民生活有了较大提高，但由于对资源开发强度过大，造成环境污染，水土流失，耕地面积减少，资源耗竭速度提高，大量物种濒临灭绝等环境问题。98年特大洪水在一定程度上就是由于沿江植被遭到破坏，水土流失严重造成的。

我国政府近年来加大了环境保护方面的法制建设和资金投入，取得了一定的效果，但也存在着投入总量不足、环保效益和经济效益差等问题。在总量上，发达国家环境保护投入平均占GNP的1％－2％，我国仅占0.7％，且由于我国环保历史欠帐较多，投入总量更显不足。在效益上，由于对环境资源的过度开发和浪费缺乏有效的监督和控制，现阶段仅仅从法律监督和行政管理方面对破坏环境的行为进行控制，而没有健全、系统的量化指标把企业的环保责任和经济效益联系起来，把保护环境变为企业的自觉行为。企业还没有把环境保护作为企业生存和发展的一个必要条件，没有把环境保护作为企业扩大市场占有率、提高经济效益的重要手段，认为进行环保投入和技改得不到切实的回报，积极性较差。为提高环保投入产出率，改善环保工作的效果，确保人类社会的可持续发展，利用会计手段对环境资源和环保责任进行计量和控制，研究专门的会计方法体系是十分必要的。

1. 企业适应环境要求，提高经济效益的必由之路。

企业要实现长期生存和稳定发展，必须树立适应环境的观念，社会环境是企业生存和发展的制度基础，而自然环境则是企业生存和发展的物质基础。传统观点认为：企业必须尽可能地适应社会环境，寻求最佳投资环境、融资环境、市场环境和政策环境，才能求得长期生存和稳定发展。而从可持续发展观点看来：企业的生存和发展需要不断地从自然环境中取得资源，又要不断地将废物排放到环境中去，如果企业没有一个持续、稳定的自然环境作为物质基础，求得与自然环境的和谐共生，企业的长期生存和稳定发展只能是空谈。

现实生活中，人们的环境保护意识不断增强，越来越要求企业提供更多的绿色产品，企业立足自身经济利益，也应增强环保意识，增大环保投入，降低能源消耗，细化环保投入和产出的计量，计量取得的环境资源、负有的环保责任和发生的环境费用，确认取得的环境收益或损失。这样才能全面的衡量企业的效益状况，为企业目标的实现提供真实、可靠的信息。

2. 传统会计模式的局限性

传统会计的目标是借助会计对经济活动进行核算和监督，为经营管理提供财务信息，并考核经营责任，从而取得最大的经济效益。传统会计侧重于从人类经济活动的角度出发，着眼于对自然资源的开发利用，没有将环境所带来的经济问题纳入会计研究的范围，表现为会计信息披露不充分和会计循环过程的不完整。传统会计没有将环境所带来的经济问题纳入会计研究的范围，缺乏对企业环境资源、环境责任和环境费用的计量，缺乏对企业取得的环境收益或损失的确认。传统会计没有把企业视为与环境共生的经济体，没有认识到经济运转和自然环境循环是紧密联系在一起的。认为经济循环从企业从环境中取得资源开始，到企业实现其产品，取得经济收益结束。忽视了环境对企业的影响和企业对环境的影响，忽视了环境自身的物质补偿过程和企业环境中取得资源造成的企业对环境的补偿责任。具体而言，没有将环境资源确认为资产，没有将企业应承担的环保责任确认为负债，没有将环境资本确认为所有者权益，没有确认环境收入和费用以及环境利润。导致上述问题的原因是，传统会计认为没有凝结人类一般劳动的环境资源是没有价值的，不必对之进行确认和计量。应当看到，环境资源具有社会产品具有的有效用性和稀缺性，应当并可能对其进行确认和计量。
environmental accounting environmental

Recalling the development of environmental accounting and have more than two decades of history, can be seen in the natural environment, environmental accounting is severely damaged, a serious deterioration of the ecological environment, the material basis of economic development against the backdrop of threats to people in the traditional analysis of accounting theory and methods On the basis of the limitations.

The deterioration of environmental conditions on the economic activities of the main new requirements.

In the proction and life of mankind, made from natural resources will have a life of the proction and discharge of waste into the environment. With the economic development and population growth, from the nature of human resources to achieve more and more, at the same time released into the nature of the waste more and more, exceeding the tolerance of the natural world, leading to ecological damage, environmental pollution, such as a Series of environmental problems. At present, all countries in the world there are different levels of environmental pollution and ecological damage, environmental problems also led to a common global environmental problems.

In the face of increasingly serious environmental problems, raised the importance of environmental issues, around the world to seek cooperation to address environmental issues of international coordination. In 1987, the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development put forward a strategy of sustainable development as a national guidance on Environment and Development, the common practice of the strategy. The so-called sustainable development means not only meets the needs of the people, not to future generations to meet their own needs the ability to pose a hazard model of development and its essence is to limit the adjustment of human activities, especially economic activities in the economic and social development In solving environmental problems, so that the economic and social development in the establishment of environmental resources to bear on the basis of, and to its full and lasting development in order to satisfy current and future generations.

China's 20 years of reform and opening to promote the economic development of the national economy and rapid growth has created tremendous material wealth, the people's living standard has improved greatly, but on the strength of resource development is too large, causing environmental pollution, soil erosion, rection of arable land , To increase the speed of resource depletion, a large number of endangered species such as the environment. 98-year flood to a certain extent is e to the destruction of vegetation along the river, caused serious soil erosion.

In recent years, China's government increased the legal system of environmental protection and investment, has achieved some results, but there is a total lack of inputs, inefficiency and poor economic returns. In total, the Environmental Protection developed into an average of 1% of GNP accounted for -2%, China accounted for only 0.7 percent, and as a result of China's environmental history, more debt, the total investment is even more inadequate. In terms of effectiveness, as a result of over-exploitation of environmental resources and a waste of a lack of effective supervision and control at this stage only from a legal and administrative supervision of the destruction of the environment control, and no sound system of quantitative indicators of the enterprises Responsibility for environmental and economic benefits linked to the protection of the environment into a business conscious act. Environmental protection enterprises have not as a corporate survival and development of a necessary condition, not as an environmental protection enterprises to expand market share, an important means to enhance economic efficiency, environmental protection that are not practical technical inputs and the return of the more active Poor. In order to enhance environmental protection input-output, improving the effectiveness of environmental protection to ensure sustainable development of human society, the means of accounting for the use of environmental resources and environmental responsibility and control measures, the study of specialized accounting system is essential.

1. Enterprises to adapt to environmental requirements, the only way to increase economic efficiency.

To achieve long-term business survival and development of a stable, we must foster the idea to adapt to the environment, social environment for enterprises to survive and develop on the basis of the system, and the natural environment is the existence and development of enterprises on the basis of the material. The traditional view: companies must adapt to the social environment as much as possible, to seek the best investment environment, financial environment, the market environment and policy environment in order to achieve stability and development of long-term survival. From the point of view of sustainable development: the survival and development of enterprises need to obtain resources from the natural environment, but also will continue to discharge waste into the environment, if companies do not have a sustained and stable environment as a material foundation, To achieve harmony with the natural environment, Symbiotic, enterprises and the steady development of long-term survival can only be empty talk.

In real life, people's awareness of environmental protection, growing more and more requests to provide more green procts, companies based on their own economic interests, should also enhance environmental awareness, increasing environmental protection input and rece energy consumption, environmental protection, investment and Refinement The output measures, measures to achieve environmental resources, has the responsibility for environmental protection and environmental costs, to obtain recognition of the environmental gains or losses. Only in this way can a comprehensive measure of the effectiveness of business conditions, corporate objectives to provide a true and reliable information.

2. Limitations of the traditional accounting model

Traditional accounting with the goal of accounting for economic activities and supervision of accounting, business management for the provision of financial information, assessment and accountability, so as to maximize economic benefits. The traditional emphasis on accounting from the human point of view of economic activity, focusing on the development and utilization of natural resources, not the economic environment into the accounting of the scope, accounting for the performance of inadequate disclosure and accounting of the cycle is not complete . Traditional accounting does not brought about by the economic environment into the accounting of the scope, lack of resources in the enterprise environment, environmental responsibility and environmental costs of the measures, lack of access to the corporate environment or loss of revenue recognition. Not the traditional accounting business environment, Symbiotic and as the economy has not recognized the functioning of the economic cycle and the natural environment are closely linked. That the economic cycle from the corporate environment to obtain resources from the beginning to achieve its business procts, to obtain the end of the economic benefits. Ignoring the environmental impact of corporate and business impact on the environment, environmental neglect their own material and the process of compensation and business environment to obtain resources of the corporate environmental liability. In particular, there is no environmental resources will be recognized as assets, not companies should bear the responsibility for environmental protection recognized as liabilities, not the environment identified as the owner's equity capital, there is no confirmation of income and the cost of the environment and environmental profits. These led to the cause of the problem is that traditional accounting in general do not think there is condensation of human labor, environmental resources is of no value, no need for the confirmed and measured. It should be noted that the community has the resources and the environment with the procts and effective use of scarce, it should be and could be identified and measured.

② 环境会计有哪些研究

环境会计：是在传统会计的基础上，针对传统会计在核算过程中对环境问题的无能为力而产生的。 1.定义：是以货币为主要计量单位，以有关法律、法规为依据，计量、记录环境污染、环境防治、环境开发的成本费用，同时对环境的维护和开发形成的效益进行合理计量与报告，从而综合评估环境绩效及环境活动对企业财务成果影响的一门新兴学科。它试图将会计学与环境经济学相结合，通过有效的价值管理，达到协调经济发展和环境保护的目的。 2.具体目标：对自然资源的价值、自然资源的耗费、环境保护的支出、改善资源环境所带来的收益等进行确认和计量，为政府环保部门、行业主管部门、投资者以及社会公众提供企业环境目标、环境政策和规划等有关资料。 3.研究对象：它所考虑的是除了资金之外的资源环境、整个社会生产消费以及生态循环价值。例如：在收入要素中除了确认传统的生活经营所带来的收入外，还应包括企业在执行环保政策、积极治理污染时所享受到国家给予补帖、资金和税收减免、企业回收的“三废收入”、其他单位和个人缴来的环境损害赔偿费或罚金收入、以及实施环保措施后企业形象、信誉度的提高而带来的社会效益等。而费用不能仅仅计算经济成本，还要包括社会成本、环境成本，以及耗用资源和排污而被收取的生态环境补偿费、治理费、环境研究与开发费用 以上资料希望对你有所帮助！

③ 什么是环境会计

企业的环境成本的会计问题主要涉及企业环境成本范围的确定、分配和计量以及如何正确披露的问题。在表现形式上，主要以货币价值形式来进行确认，计量和披露。
历史进入20世纪，人类在创造物质文明奇迹的同时，也带来了日益严重的环境问题，尤其是在第二次世界大战以后，世界经济的迅速发展很大程度上是建立在自然资源大量消耗，环境污染不断加深的基础上，以此带来的直接后果便是：生态环境日益恶化、能源紧张和环境污染的日益加剧，从而直接制约了经济的持续发展。人类开始逐渐反省自身行为的同时，西方经济学家、社会学家、环境生态学家开始探讨经济发展和环境保护的协调问题，以实现可持续发展的绿色经济。1987年，联合国世界经济和发展委员会（WCED）公布了《我们的未来》的报告，对可持续发展和环境问题进行了系统的论述，90年代，会计学术界开始讨论并建议进行环境会计信息披露以及世界各国研究相关的会计准则。由此出现了环境会计的理论，并逐渐构成了现代会计体系中的一个重要分支。

④ 求"环境会计"的英文文献

消息已发送，请注意查收

⑤ 环境会计的简介

环境会计
环境会计是以环境资产、环境费用、环境效益等会计要素为核算内容的一门专业会计。环境会计核算各会计要素，都采用一定的方法折算为货币进行计量。但环境会计货币计量单位的货币含义不完全是建立在劳动价值理论基础上的。按照劳动价值理论，只有交换的商品，其价值才能以社会必要劳动时间来衡量，对于非交换、非人类劳动的物品，是不计量的，会计不需对其进行核算。然而这些非交换、非人类劳动的物品有相当部分是环境会计的核算内容，因此环境会计必须建立能够计量非交换、非劳动物品的价值理论。
按照《现代会计网络辞典》收录的词条，环境会计是“从社会利益角度计量和报导企业、事业机关等单位的社会活动对环境的影响及管理情况的一项管理活动。它旨在指导经济资源作最有效运用及最佳调配，以提高社会整体效益”。该辞典还收录了绿色会计词条，认为绿色会计是“在为了交易和促进公共福利，为了创造未来用途的财富以及保护资源时，根据资源者和资源所有者一致同意的惯例来核算、计量这些资源耗费情况的管理活动”。

⑥ 谁能介绍几个关于《会计环境》的参考文献谢谢了

[1] 黄晓波,张霁.会计环境变革与财务会计理论创新[J].审计与经济研究,2011,26(3):67-75. [
2] 白秀英,赵丽芳.会计环境对会计发展变化的影响研究[J].中央财经大学学报,2004,(5):66-69
[3] 孙德凤,陈亚雯.会计环境对会计影响的探讨[J].经济问题探索,2005,(2):124-125
[4] 侯明扬,张天天.基于新会计环境的营销会计理论体系构建研究[J].现代财经－天津财经大学学报,2008,28(5):52-55.
[5] 徐海英.会计环境对会计的影响[J].商品与质量·学术观察,2013,(7):135-135. [6] 李建华.当前会计环境对会计发展的影响与对策[J].新财经（理论版） ,2013,(10):316-316
[7] 崔栩彬,晋瑾.对我国小企业会计环境的思考[J].网友世界,2012,(7):29-30.
['8] 张旺军.论会计理论结构应以会计环境为起点[J].企业经济,2006,(1):177-179.
[9] 田莉.试论会计环境[J].投资与合作,2012,(5):81.
[10] 陈玉玲.浅析会计发展中会计环境的作用[J].环球市场信息导报,2013,(20):38-38.
[11] 王虹.浅谈影响我国会计环境的因素及其存在的问题[J].商情,2013,(13):22. [
12] 董淼.浅述会计环境对会计发展的影响[J].现代商业,2013,(9):200.
[13] 康金慧.会计环境对会计职业道德的影响[J].科学与财富 ,2014,(1):292-292.
[14] 王菁.探析会计环境对会计信息质量的影响[J].中国电子商务,2013,(1):177,179.
[15] 阿依努尔.企业会计环境对会计信息质量的影响[J].山东纺织经济,2012,(8):9-10,13.
[16] 吴志红.论会计环境的优化[J].商情,2012,(33):65-65.
[17] 王德印.会计环境对会计发展变化的影响分析[J].经济视野 ,2013,(11):197-197.

⑦ 求 环境会计研究开题报告的 ”参考文献“

参考文献至少15条，其中5条优秀硕士论文，9条期刊，一条专著（即课本。请注意参考文献的格式）
参考文献的格式：参考文献附在全篇正文之后，每条另起一行，序号用[1][2]等形式标注，并以单字母方式标识各种参考文献的类型。类型有：M-专著，C-论文集，N-报纸文章，J-期刊文章，D-学位论文，R-报告，S-标准，P-专利。对于专著、论文集中的析出文献用单字母“A”标识，对于其他未说明的文献类型，采用单字母“Z”标识。首次引用的文献，必须列出全部出版资料，格式如下：
专著、论文集、学位论文、报告：
[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].出版地:出版者,出版年.
①论文集中文献：
[序号]析出文献主要责任者.析出文献题名[A].原文献主要责任者.原文献题名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年.
②期刊：
[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名,年,卷（期）.
③报纸：
[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[N].报纸名,出版日期（版次）.

⑧ 环境会计外文文献~~

没悬赏分，我是不会回答的

⑨ 最新环境会计参考文献

[1] 胥卫平. 环境会计定义之探讨[J]. 西安石油学院学报(社会科学版) , 1999,(04)
[2] 张端明. 对环境会计若干问题的思考[J]. 广州大学学报 , 2000,(04)
[3] 李贻玲. 关于建立我国环境会计体系的初步构想[J]. 太原大学学报 , 2005,(01)
[4] 胥卫平. 论环境会计的内涵、职能和工作内容[J]. 西安电子科技大学学报(社会科学版) , 2000,(01)
[5] 金英子. 建立我国环境会计的思考[J]. 牡丹江教育学院学报 , 2005,(01)
[6] 丘少敏. 浅谈环境会计的理论结构[J]. 中山大学学报论丛 , 2003,(06)
[7] 刘鹤, 孙丹. 略论在中国实行环境会计[J]. 佳木斯大学社会科学学报 , 2004,(02)
[8] 蔡凤泉. 关于环境会计若干问题的研究[J]. 河北师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版) , 2000,(02)
[9] 胥卫平, 田晓静. 试论环境会计的基本理论体系与计量方法[J]. 西北工业大学学报(社会科学版) , 1999,(03)
[10] 朱玉广. 论环境会计[J]. 管理科学文摘 , 2004,(05)